Your privacy, your choice

We use essential cookies to make sure the site can function. We also use optional cookies for advertising, personalisation of content, usage analysis, and social media.

By accepting optional cookies, you consent to the processing of your personal data - including transfers to third parties. Some third parties are outside of the European Economic Area, with varying standards of data protection.

See our privacy policy for more information on the use of your personal data.

for further information and to change your choices.

Skip to main content

Table 1 Mean range of motion of each model on the biomechanical study

From: Tadpole system as new lumbar spinal instrumentation

   

(mean± SD)

 

ROM of forward – backward flextion

ROM of right – left side bending

ROM of right – left side rotaton

Normal control model

7.2° ± 4.8°

7.8° ± 3.8°

13.8° ± 7.1°

Injured model

18.6° ± 6.2°

22.1° ± 8.8°

24.8° ± 10.4°

PSF model

4.3° ± 2.9°

2.5° ± 1.3°

3.4° ± 2.6°

TS model

3.4° ± 2.2°

5.1° ± 2.5°

7.9° ± 5.2°

  1. Normal control model; non-treatment model
  2. Injured model; model resected the facet joint between L3 and L4
  3. PSF model; model generated from the injured model with pedicle screw fixation
  4. TS model; model created from the injured model with the Tadpole system®