Table 5 Details of study
Author | Surgical modality | Mean preoperative data | Mean post operation data | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPFLR | TTO | Kujala | Lysholm | Tegner | TT-TG | CDI | Kujala | Lysholm | Tegner | TT-TG | Salient findings | ||||
Pautasso, et al. [19] | Gracilis autograft (Schӧttle) | If TT-TG > 20 or CDI > 1.2 Elmslie-Trillat: n = 10 Distalization: n = 8 Distal-medialization: n = 9 | 47.8 ± 8.3/47.1 ± 7.6 | 48.3 ± 9.5/44.1 ± 8.9 | 3.3 ± 0.8/2.9 ± 0.7 | NA | NA | 91.1 ± 14/88.5 ± 13.5 | 90.1 ± 14.8/89.6 ± 11.9 | 4.8 ± 1.4/4.9 ± 1.7 | NA | RPD: iMPFLR (n = 1). | |||
Hao, et al. [21] | Semitendinosus autograft | TT-TG > 20 Medialization to TT-TG < 20 | 62.2 ± 8.1/60.9 ± 9.2 | 49.9 ± 4.8/48.8 ± 6.2 | 3.5 ± 0.9/3.1 ± 1.0 | 16.5 ± 2.6/ 22.2 ± 4.3 | NA | 85.2 ± 5.8/86.1 ± 5.0 | 87.7 ± 3.3/88.4 ± 2.9 | 5.4 ± 1.2/5.1 ± 1.2 | 15.1 ± 4.2 (TTO) | Women have worse post-op clinical functional and pain assessments than men. RPD: iMPFLR (n = 3), MPFLR + TTO (n = 2), no one has positive apprehension sign. Combined group have more post-op pain, most of them are due to fixation devices. | |||
Kim, et al. [22] | Semitendinosus or tibialis anterior autograft (Schӧttle) | 15 < TT-TG < 25 Medialization to TT-TG < 10 | 57.2 ± 22.7/56.0 ± 16.2 | NA | 3.5 ± 2.3/3.6 ± 1.7 | 20.5 ± 4.7/21.7 ± 2.1 | NA | 90.5 ± 10.6/89.3 ± 9.0 | NA | 4.5 ± 1.8/4.6 ± 1.1 | NA | Post-op functional failure: iMPFLR (n = 2 with instability), MPFLR + TTO (n = 3, 1 with RPD and 2 with instability), 2 of them with trochlear type D, 2 with A and 1 with B, 1 of them with functional failure has TT-TG < 20 as others > 20. Patella fracture: iMPFLR (n = 1). | |||
Perkins, et al. [24] | Gracilis allograft (adductor tubercle auxiliary location) | TT-TG > 18/borderline TT-TG (16–18) with j-tracking or high-grade trochlear dysplasia (type C or D) Medialization to about 10 | NA | NA | NA | 15.4 (12.7,17.3)/ 19.0 (13.9,22.3) | 0.83 (0.75,0.93)/ 0.87 (0.80,1.02) | 98 (76,100)/96 (74,98) | 95 (82,100)/94 (83,95) | 7 (5,9)/5 (4,7) | No revision: 15.82 (13.38,19.69)/ Revision: 18.02 (15.85,19.56) | RPD: iMPFLR (n = 3), MPFLR + TTO (n = 1). Secondary surgeries for noninstability: MPFLR + TTO: removing symptomatic TTO screw in MPFLR + TTO (n = 7), removing headless compression screws (n = 2) Late repair of cartilage injury (n = 1) iMPFLR: infection debridement (n = 2) | |||
Franciozi, et al. [17] | Semitendinosus autograft (adductor tubercle auxiliary location) | Anteromedialization to 10 < TT-TG < 12 and distalization when 1.2 < CDI < 1.4 | 58.7 ± 6.1/57.3 ± 4.9 | 49.4 ± 6.7/47.1 ± 9.0 | 5.5 ± 1.2/5.2 ± 1.3 | 18.0 ± 1.1/18.5 ± 1.2 | 1.12 ± 0.11/ 1.12 ± 0.14 | 82.7 ± 8.1/87.6 ± 5.4 | 85.6 ± 7.4/87.6 ± 8.0 | 5.2 ± 1.3/5.1 ± 1.4 | 10.55 ± 0.83 (MPFLR + TTO) | Residual J sign post-op: iMPFLR (n = 8),2 of them with normal patellar height and 6 with patella alta. Combined group is better than iMPFLR in patella track, none of subjects had positive apprehension test and RPD. Secondary surgeries: Removing tibial tubercle screws in MPFLR + TTO (n = 2). Manipulation under anesthesia in iMPFLR (n = 1). | |||
Zhang, et al. [35] | Semitendinosus autograft (Schӧttle) | Anteromedialization to 10 < TT-TG < 12 and distalization when CDI > 1.2 | 37.6 ± 5.9/34.9 ± 7.9 | 39.8 ± 8.3/36.5 ± 6.8 | NA | 16.6 ± 1.4/17.1 ± 1.5 | 1.16 ± 0.13/ 1.18 ± 0.12 | 84.5 ± 5.1/82.9 ± 4.1 | 88.3 ± 9.9/90.6 ± 8.3 | NA | 16.2 ± 1.9/ 10.4 ± 1.8 | Secondary surgeries: MPFLR + TTO: removing internal fixation devices (n = 7), arthrolysis (n = 1), infection debridement (n = 1). | |||
Markus, et al. [20] | Gracilis autograft (Schӧttle) | Anteromedialization | NA | NA | NA | 14.1 ± 2.8/19.8 ± 3.9 | NA | 86.3 ± 13.3/83.9 ± 16.9 | NA | NA | NA | Post-op RPD in iMPFLR (n = 1), MPFLR + TTO (n = 1). Secondary surgeries: iMPFLR: MUA (n = 4), TTO (n = 1). MPFLR + TTO: removal of hardware (n = 3), irrigation and debridement(n = 1), TKA(n = 1). | |||
Hashimoto, et al. 18 | Semitendinosus autograft (adductor tubercle auxiliary location) | Anteromedialization when TT-TG > 20, PFJ space narrowing or habitual PD | 68.4 ± 10.1/55.5 ± 9.3 | NA | NA | 17.9 ± 3.0/21.0 ± 3.1 | NA | 94.9 ± 6.0/93.8 ± 6.6 | NA | NA | 16.2 ± 2.4/ 13.7 ± 3.3 | No RPD case and post-op apprehension test (+) in iMPFLR (n = 2), MPFLR + TTO (n = 1), post-op patellofemoral arthritis in iMPFLR (n = 3), MPFLR + TTO (n = 1). | |||
Tscholl, et al. [32] | Gracilis autograft (adductor tubercle auxiliary location) | Distal-medialization to CDI ≤ 1.1 and 10 < TT-TG < 12 when patellar maltracking or persistent patellar subluxation and either increased TT-TG > 15 or CDI > 1.2 | 52.7 ± 28.8/47.0 ± 29.5 | NA | NA | 13.2 ± 5.4/18.2 ± 5.4 | 1.05 ± 0.13/1.18 ± 0.15 | 74.0 ± 19.9/77.2 ± 14.7 | NA | NA | 12.1 ± 5.0/11.6 ± 5.5 | Post-op RPD in iMPFLR (n = 2), MPFLR + TTO (n = 1), recurrent subluxation in iMPFLR (n = 2), MPFLR + TTO (n = 1). Secondary surgeries: Removal of lag screws in MPFLR + TTO (n = 13) A positive post-op apprehension test (n = 6) was not associated with an increased incidence of RPD | |||
Xu, et al. [35] | Subjects TT-TG > 15 belong to subgroup in iMPFLR | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17.4 ± 4.3/21.0 ± 1.6 | 1.19 ± 0.17/1.23 ± 0.20* | 95 & 95.5(iMPFLR & iMPFLR subgroup)/86 & 95(short and mid-term) | 94.5 & 92.5(iMPFLR & iMPFLR subgroup)/90 & 95(short and mid-term) | NA | 17.3 ± 4.3 & 19.8 ± 2.9(iMPFLR & iMPFLR subgroup)/12.8 ± 3.8 &12.8 ± 3.8(short and mid-term) | No RPD case | |||