Table 3 Comparison of gait parameters between UKA and TKA patients

Vilhelm Wiik et al. [24]

Cadence (steps/min)

105.19

102.19

0.27

Speed (m/s)

1.05

1.01

0.31

Stride length (m)

1.20

1.18

0.72

Maximum angle in stance phase (°)

7.11

8.55

0.27

Minimum angle in stance phase (°)

3.96

7.17

< 0.001

Range of movement in the gait cycle (°)

46.68

41.49

< 0.001

Maximum flexion in the gait cycle (°)

51.01

47.97

0.98

Maximum flexion in stance phase (°)

48.43

43.87

0.01

Flexion at foot strike (°)

2.84

0.92

0.08

Nishizawa et al. [17]

Gait speed (m/s)

1.06 (0.18)

0.85 (0.20)

0.011

ROM (Flexion) (°)

114.3 ± 10.3

134.2 (5.5)

116.7 (12.2)

< 0.001

FTA (°)

186.8 ± 5.6

175.2 (3.0)

175.0 (2.0)

0.80

Knee flexion angle at heel contact(°)

3.8 (4.8)

10.6 (4.6)

< 0.01

Knee flexion angle during mid-stance phase (°)

1.3 (6.4)

8.2 (5.1)

0.018

Peak knee adduction angle during stance phase (°)

1.5 (4.8)

0.5 (3.0)

0.70

Peak knee internal rotation angle in walking (°)

7.8 (5.5)

7.2 (4.9)

0.63

Peak knee flexion moment in walking (Nm/kg)

0.34 (0.21)

0.35 (0.20)

0.77

Peak knee adduction moment in walking (Nm/kg)

0.56 (0.15)

0.44 (0.15)

0.029

Peak tibial internal rotation moment in walking(Nm/kg)

0.15 (0.06)

0.06 (0.04)

< 0.001

De Vroey et al. [18]

Cycle time (s)

1.24(0.15)

1.30(0.11)

NS

Stance time (s)

0.73(0.08)

0.73(0.07)

NS

Swing time (s)

0.51 (0.90)

0.51 (0.04)

NS

Cadence (steps/minute)

99.25 (12.59)

93.96 (9.47

NS

Speed (m/s)

0.90(0.18)

0.75(0.10

NS

Stride width (cm)

14.9 (3.53)

14.0 (2.30)

NS

Stride length (cm)

1.09 (17.31)

0.98 (12.90)

NS

KNEE peak extension/plantarflexion at loading response (°)

6.08

2.88

NS

Knee peak flexion/dorsiflexion at loading response (°)

10.98

6.86

NS

Knee peak extension/plantarflexion at midstance (°)

8.18

5.09

NS

Knee peak flex/dorsiflexiom at midstance (°)

10.94

6.76

NS

Knee peak extension/plantarflexion at terminal stance (°)

7.63

5.31

NS

Knee peak flex/dorsiflexionation terminal stance (°)

15.63

11.68

NS

Knee time peak extension/plantarflexion angle (%)

6.83

4.75

NS

Knee time peak flexion/dorsiflexion

angle (%)

59.00

59.00

NS

Friesenbichler et al. [19]

Gait Speed (cm/s)

NS

Step length (cm)

NS

Single-limb support (%)

0.006

Quadriceps MVC torque (Nm/kg)

0.194

Wiik et al. [20]

Speed (km/h)

7.0 (0.6)

6.2 (0.8)

< 0.05

Cadence (step/min)

133 (16)

139 (13)

NS

Heel Strike Force (BW)

1.52 (0.11)

1.38 (0.18)

< 0.05

Mid-stance force (BW)

0.58 (0.13)

0.67 (0.13)

< 0.05

Toe-off force (BW)

1.01 (0.13)

1.01 (0.14)

NS

Step length (cm)

92 (9)

87 (10)

< 0.05

Stride length (cm)

189 (29)

172 (20)

< 0.05

Impulse (BW/s)

0.45 (0.03)

0.48 (0.03)

< 0.05

Stance time(s)

0.56 (0.03)

0.60 (0.04)

NS

Gait width (cm)

12.6 (2.7)

12.6 (3.8)

NS

Igor Komnik et al. [21]

Velocity (m/s)

1.4 (0.03)

1.4 (0.03)

NS

Contact time (s)

0.68 (0.03)

0.68 (0.03)

NS

Step length (cm)

S

38.9 (1.5)

39.1 (2.3)

NS

Step width (cm)

4.7 (1.7)

4.6 (1.2)

NS

Varus angle (°)内翻

2.4 (1.4)

2.4 (0.8)

0.897

RoM angle (°)

2.1 (1.2)

1.9 (0.6)

0.976

Int. rotation angle (°)

4.5 (5.4)

0.49 (2.8)

0.103

Adduction moment [Nm/(kgm)]

0.32 (0.08)

0.27 (0.05)

0.109

Internal rotation moment [Nms/(kg m)]

0.09 (0.04)

0.07 (0.02)

0.378

Adduction mom. impulse [Nms/(kg m)]

0.05 (0.02)

0.04 (0.01)

0.101

Joint stiffness (Nm/˚)

0.007 (0.002)

0.006 (0.001)

0.068

FAP-CoMadd (cm)

35.6 (5.6)

33.9 (8.4)

0.503

Jones et al. [22]

Top walking speed (m/s)

2.2

1.6

p < 0.001

Anatole V et al. [23]

Speed (m/s)

1.75

1.52

p < 0.05

Hof speed (H)

0.59

0.51

p < 0.05

Cadence (step/min)

134.9

133.9

NS

Step length (cm)

85.6

75.2

p < 0.05

Stride length (cm)

173.2

150.2

p < 0.05

Contact time (s)

0.58

0.60

NS

Step time (s)

0.44

0.45

NS

Single limb stance (s)

0.31

0.33

NS

Gait width (cm)

13.2

13.6

NS

S Miller et al. [16]

Cadence (steps/min)

105.193

102.190

0.270

Gait speed (m/s)

1.054

1.011

0.307

Stride length (m)

1.200

1.188

0.719

Stride time (s)

1.152

1.196

0.197

Step length (m)

0.599

0.600

0.953

Cankaya et al. [25]

Gait velocity (m/s)

1.2735

1.1621

0.003

Cadence (steps/minute)

102.0588

103.2218

0.727

Step time (s)

592.0000

594.7429

0.807

Step length (cm)

60.0000

61.6062

0.302

Step time symmetry

13.5453

20.0606

0.005

Step length symmetry

16.3041

21.6932

0.024

Vertical COM

1.0529

1.1176

0.609