Fig. 4

Translational and rotational primary stability in the compression-flexion test in terms of permanent migrations and inducible micromotions around the craniocaudal (CC), anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) axes for both the commercial and the OsteoCustom stems. For each group, the individual specimens (small circles), the median (horizontal line), the 25–75% percentile (solid box), and the 5th and 95th percentile (whiskers) are indicated. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the commercial and the customized stem are highlighted with *. For the inducible micromotions, the pink band indicates the critical range of micromotions which is likely to prevent osseointegration [23, 24]. Therefore, the inducible micromotions of a stable implant should be lower than the pink bands. The dotted line represents the intrinsic error affecting the DIC-measured micromotion