Table 1 Summary of studies included in meta-analysis
Author, year | Participants | Sample size | Interventions | Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EG | CG | EG | CG | EG | CG | Frequency | Duration of treatment | Acupoints | ||
Cai 2014 | WA:51 ± 6 EA:52 ± 7 | 50 ± 6 | WA:30 EA:30 | 30 | WA + EA | Calci D tablets | qd | 1 month | BL11, BL23, GB39 | 1), 2) |
Cai 2015 | 51 ± 7 | 50 ± 6 | 43 | 42 | WA + calcil D tablets | Calcci D tablets | qd | 4 months | BL11, BL23, GB39 | 1) |
Chen 2004 | 58.12 ± 7.25 | 57.63 ± 7.68 | 30 | 30 | WA + calcage D | Calcci D | qod | 6 months | DU14, ST36, BL23, BL26 | 1), 3), 5) |
Chen 2022 | 64 ± 5 | 64 ± 5 | 31 | 32 | needling + Calcage D | Calcitriol gel pills | qod | 12 weeks | BL23, BL20, RN4, ST36, GB39, SP6 | 1), 3) |
Chen 2022 | 67.04 ± 4.82 | 67.39 ± 4.40 | 27 | 28 | EA + Calci D | Calcci D | qod | 4 weeks | ST36, ST30, GB34, GB39, BL18, BL20, BL23 | 2), 3) |
Dong 2014 | 65.8 ± 5.3 | 66.7 ± 5.6 | 20 | 20 | needling | Alfacalciferol softgels | 6 times a week | 3 months | RN12, RN6, RN4, SP15, KI14, KI13 | 2) |
Du 2011 | 64 ± 8 | 66 ± 9 | 32 | 32 | needling | Leli capsules | qod | 3 months | LR14, BL18, BL20, BL23, ST36, GB34, GB39, SP6, KI3, LR3 | 1), 3), 5) |
Feng 2021 | 63.91 ± 5.58 | 63.57 ± 5.63 | 34 | 33 | needling + calcium carbonate tablets + alfacalciferol softgels + alendronate tablets | Calcium carbonate tablets  + alfacalciferol softgels  + alendronate sodium tablets | tiw | 13 weeks | BL20, BL21, SP3, ST42, SP2, ST41 | 1), 3), 6) |
Ge 2015 | 77.6 ± 8.3 | 79.2 ± 2.6 | 49 | 44 | needling | Calcium carbonate D3  + calcitriol + alendronate sodium | once every three days | 3 months | RN12, RN6, RN4, ST24, ST26, SP15 | 1), 2), 3), 4) |
Hu 2016 | 61.4 ± 8.3 | 62.1 ± 8.7 | 35 | 35 | needling | Calcium carbonate D3 tablets | qd | 3 months | BL20, BL21, BL23, BL18, ST36 | 1), 3), 5) |
Huang 2016 | 68.59 ± 4.43 | 68.44 ± 4.35 | 40 | 40 | EA | Calcitriol softgels | qd | 3 months | BL18, BL20, BL23, EX-B2, BL40, ashi point | 1) |
Jin 2003 | 60.70 ± 5.34 | 66.82 ± 6.51 | 32 | 30 | EA | Tablets | tiw | 3 months | EX-B2, ashi point, BL23, BL20, DU4, ST36, GB34 | 1), 2) |
Li 2018 | 58.6 ± 4.3 | 59.4 ± 4.9 | 30 | 30 | needling + zolescophospic acid injection | zole-lephosphate injection | qd | 2 months | BL23, GB39, DU4, ST36, RN4 | 1), 3) |
Liang 2007 | 61.3 | 61.3 | 40 | 40 | WA | Calcci D | qod | 3Â months | BL11, DU14, DU4, BL23, BL20, ST36, GB39 | 1), 3) |
Liu 2023 | 60.03 ± 5.06 | 59.45 ± 5.34 | 31 | 29 | needling | Calcium carbonate D3 | qod | 3 months | BL23, ST36, BL11, EX-B2, DU4, KI3, BL20, RN12, SP10, BL17 | 1), 3) |
Luo 2015 | 54.8 ± 6.2 | 54.8 ± 6.2 | 18 | 18 | WA | Leli calcium capsules | qod | 6 months | BL18, BL23, GB34, ST36, BL11, SP6, GB39, RN4 | 1), 3) |
Nong 2011 | 67.75 ± 6.83 | 69.42 ± 4.12 | 32 | 31 | WA | Vidine calcium tablets | qod | 3 months | BL11, BL18, BL23, ST36, GB34, GB39, SP6, RN4 | 1), 2), 3) |
Ou 2011 | 64.4 ± 5.3 | 65.6 ± 6.6 | 25 | 30 | WA + alenphosphate sodium | Alendronate sodium | qod | 6 months | BL20, BL23, DU4, RN8, ST36, SP6 | 1) |
Pang 2008 | 68.8 ± 5.2 | 68.3 ± 5.3 | 30 | 30 | WA | Vidine calcium tablets | qd | 3 months | BL23, ST36, GB39, BL11, RN4, BL18, SP6, GB34 | 2), 3) |
Qiu 2018 | 62.2 ± 9.3 | 61.4 ± 8.9 | 30 | 30 | needling | Alendronate sodium tablets | qod | 6 months | BL23, BL20, BL40, BL11, GB34, ST36 | 1), 3) |
Shi 2010 | 66.70 ± 5.34 | 65.82 ± 6.51 | 15 | 15 | needling + Calcium needle | Calcium breath needle 50 IU intramuscular injection | 5 times a week | 3 months | RN12, RN6, RN4, SP15 | 2) |
Sun 2017 | 59.88 ± 6.18 | 59.88 ± 6.18 | 30 | 30 | EA + Calci D | Calcci D | qod | 3 months | BL23, BL20, BL21, KI3, BL11, GB39, SP6 | 1), 2) |
Tan 2016 | 59.4 ± 2.5 | 60.3 ± 3.6 | 40 | 40 | EA | Calcium carbonate D3 chewable tablets | qd | 6 months | BL23, SP6, DU4 | 1), 2), 3) |
Tian 2020 | 65 ± 5 | 64 ± 6 | 32 | 33 | needling | Alendronate tablets | tiw | 3 months | BL23, GB25, BL20, LR13, BL18, LR14, BL11, GB39, ST36, GB34, GB31, ST31, ST33 | 1), 2), 3), 4) |
Tian 2023 | 66 ± 4 | 65 ± 5 | 36 | 36 | needling | Alendronate tablets | tiw | 6 months | BL18, LR14, BL23, GB25, BL20, LR13, BL21, RN12, GB34, GB39, GB31, ST31, ST33 | 1), 2) |
Wang 2004 | 47.87 | 49.62 | 50 | 50 | needling | Gaitianli + gamma oryzanol | qd | 3 months | BL23, BL18, ST36, KI1, SP10 | 1), 3) |
Wang 2013 | 58 ± 5 | 56 ± 7 | G1:50 G2:50 | 50 | G1:EA G2:EA + Calcitriol Soft Capsules | Rogue full gel pills | qd | 6 months | BL20, BL21, BL23, BL18, DU3, DU4, BL40, ashi point, RN12, ST25, RN4, EX-CA1, ST36, SP6, KI3, GB39 | 1), 2), 3), 5), 6) |
Wang 2016 | 61.83 ± 4.71 | 62.23 ± 4.29 | 30 | 31 | EA | Calcium carbonate D3 tablets | qod | 6 months | BL11, BL23, ST36 | 1), 3) |
Wang 2019 | 62.93 ± 7.23 | 62.93 ± 6.95 | 30 | 30 | needling | Manual acupuncture | qd | 3 months | BL23, BL20, DU4, ST36, RN4, ashi point | 1), 2), 3) |
Wu 2012 | 68 ± 5.27 | 68 ± 5.27 | 25 | 30 | WA + alfacalciferol + calciferol D | Alfacalciferol + Calcil D | tiw | 3 months | BL23, DU4, ST36, GB39 | 1), 2) |
Xin 2021 | 66.95 ± 4.6 | 67.26 ± 4.58 | 40 | 40 | WA + calcitonin + salmon calcitonin injection + alendronate sodium | Calci + Salmon Calcitonin Injection  + Alendronate Sodium | qod | 3 months | BL11, BL23, ST36, GB39, BL18, SP6, GB34 | 1), 2), 3) |
Yang 2016 | 60.8 ± 4.3 | 61.2 ± 4.7 | 54 | 50 | needling + salmon calcitonin + Alan phosphate sodium + calci | Salmon calcitonin + Alan phosphate sodium + calciton | qod | 6 months | ST36, BL23, BL26, KI3, BL20, SP6, ashi point | 1), 2), 3) |
Zhang 2014 | 62.21 ± 4.65 | 62.74 ± 5.07 | 25 | 25 | EA | Alfacalciferol softgels | qod | 3 months | BL23, DU4, ST36, RN4, BL20, BL40, KI3 | 1), 2), 3) |
Zhang 2016 | 65.6 ± 6.6 | 64.4 ± 5.3 | 20 | 20 | EA + Fairy Bone Capsules | Fairy Bone Capsules | qd | 6 months | EX-B2 | 1), 2) |
Zhang 2021 | 63.62 ± 7.76 | 63.49 ± 7.81 | 39 | 39 | WA + alendronate sodium + calcium carbonate D3 tablets | Calcium carbonate D3 tablets  + alendronate sodium | qod | 8 weeks | BL23, BL11, GB39, ST36, DU4 | 1), 3) |
Zhao 2008 | 64.00 ± 5.99 | 66.90 ± 5.89 | 20 | 20 | WA | Vidine calcium tablets | qod | 3 months | BL11, BL18, BL23, ST36, GB34, GB39, SP6, RN4 | 1), 3), 5) |
Zhao 2013 | 65.6 ± 3.4 | 64.2 ± 2.32 | 50 | 50 | needling + Calci D + Luo Gaiquan | Calcil D + Rogai Whole  + Alendronate Sodium Tablets | qod | 4 months | EX-B2 | 1), 2) |
Zhao 2015 | 62.4 ± 8.5 | 61.9 ± 9.0 | 34 | 32 | needling | Salmon calcitonin or sodium allenphosphate  + calcium carbonate D3 or calcitriol | qod | 6 months | GB39, BL23, RN4, RN6, DU4, ST36, SP6, SP9, GB34 | 1), 2), 3) |
Zhou 2014 | 62.39 ± 7.12 | 61.37 ± 8.06 | 30 | 30 | WA + risedronate | Risedronate sodium | qd | 1 month | BL18, BL23, BL20 | 1), 2), 3) |
Zhu 2015 | 70.5 ± 3.3 | 69.3 ± 3.6 | 30 | 30 | needling | group health management interventions | qd | 5 months | DU14, DU4, BL20, KI3, ST36 | 1), 2), 3) |