Fig. 3

Changes in osteoclasts, osteocytes, and empty lacunae in the four groups. A Representative TRAP-positive cell samples at 0 and 4 weeks after surgery in the THM + DMM and WT + DMM groups. Red triangles indicate TRAP-positive cells, black triangles indicate osteocytes, and asterisks indicate empty lacunae. B Changes in TRAP-positive cells in the four groups. Significant differences: WT + DMM vs. WT + sham at 4 weeks (p < 0.001 at 4 weeks); WT + DMM at time-0 vs. 4 weeks (p < 0.001 at 4 weeks); THM + DMM vs. THM + sham at > 1 week (p < 0.001 at 1 week); and THM + DMM at time-0 vs. > 1 week (p < 0.001 at 1 week). C Changes in the number of osteocytes. Significant differences: WT + DMM vs. WT + sham at 4 weeks (p = 0.0033 at 4 weeks); WT + DMM at time-0 vs. 4 weeks (p = 0.0096 at 4 weeks); THM + DMM vs. THM + sham at > 2 weeks (p = 0.0020 at 2 weeks); and THM + DMM at time-0 vs. > 2 weeks (p = 0.0028 at 2 weeks). D Changes in the number of empty lacunae. Significant differences: WT + DMM vs. WT + sham at 4 weeks (p = 0.029 at 4 weeks); WT + DMM at time-0 vs. 4 weeks (p < 0.001 at 4 weeks); THM + sham at > 2 weeks (p = 0.0013 at 2 weeks); and THM + DMM at time-0 vs. > 2 weeks (p = 0.0021 at 2 weeks)