Fig. 1

(a) a 15-year-old male patient with congenital scoliosis. Anterior-posterior x-ray showing a 51.1° coronal main curve from T3 to T11, including 9 vertebrae, and the distance between the upper and lower vertebrae was 21.1 cm. Coronal deformity angular ratio (C-DAR) is 5.7 (51.1 divided by 9) and coronal deformity angular distance ratio (C-DADR) is 2.4 (51.1 divided by 21.1). (b) a 62-year-old female patient with post-tuberculous kyphosis. Lateral x-ray showing a 109.9° kyphotic angle from T10 to L2, including 5 vertebrae, and the distance between the upper and lower vertebrae was 5.7 cm. Sagittal deformity angular ratio (S-DAR) is 22.0 (109.9 divided by 5) and sagittal deformity angular distance ratio (S-DADR) is 19.3 (109.9 divided by 5.7)