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Table 4 Stratified associations between smoking and outcomes by sex, comorbid hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and chronic pulmonary disease

From: Impact of nicotine product use on outcomes of patients receiving cervical disc arthroplasty: a propensity score analysis of the united States nationwide inpatient sample 2005–2020

Subgroup

Nicotine product use

Unfavorable discharge a, e

Prolonged LOS b, e, f

Any complications c

Infection d

aOR (95% CI)

p-value

aOR (95% CI)

p-value

aOR (95% CI)

p-value

aOR (95% CI)

p-value

Sex

         

Male

Yes vs. No

1.52 (0.88–2.64)

0.133

1.26 (0.96–1.65)

0.100

1.45 (1.08–1.94)

0.015

2.12 (1.22–3.70)

0.008

Female

Yes vs. No

0.98 (0.53–1.80)

0.945

0.93 (0.72–1.21)

0.589

1.26 (0.93–1.70)

0.137

1.35 (0.73–2.52)

0.344

Diabetes

         

No

Yes vs. No

1.23 (0.77–1.96)

0.383

1.06 (0.87–1.30)

0.565

1.38 (1.10–1.74)

0.006

2.01 (1.23–3.28)

0.005

Yes

Yes vs. No

1.84 (0.72–4.68)

0.201

1.23 (0.75–2.03)

0.412

1.36 (0.82–2.26)

0.238

1.09 (0.45–2.63)

0.843

Obesity

         

No

Yes vs. No

1.27 (0.81–1.99)

0.296

1.14 (0.93–1.41)

0.202

1.37 (1.08–1.73)

0.009

1.82 (1.14–2.90)

0.012

Yes

Yes vs. No

1.21 (0.42–3.51)

0.725

0.80 (0.49–1.30)

0.362

1.44 (0.88–2.36)

0.148

1.44 (0.56–3.72)

0.455

Chronic pulmonary disease

         

No

Yes vs. No

1.43 (0.90–2.29)

0.130

1.10 (0.89–1.36)

0.361

1.40 (1.09–1.79)

0.007

1.93 (1.20–3.10)

0.007

Yes

Yes vs. No

0.85 (0.35–2.06)

0.719

0.98 (0.65–1.49)

0.929

1.27 (0.84–1.92)

0.265

1.33 (0.56–3.16)

0.524

  1. Abbreviations: LOS, length of hospital stay; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index
  2. p-values < 0.05 are shown in bold
  3. a Adjusted for variables that were significant (p < 0.05) in the univariate analysis (except for CCI and stratified variables), including age (continuous), race, insurance status / primary payer, admission type, admission type, receiving cervical spine fusion, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, rheumatic disease, any malignancy, hospital bed size, and location / teaching status
  4. b Adjusted for significant variables (p < 0.05) in the univariate analysis (except for CCI and stratified variables), including age (continuous), race, income, insurance status / primary payer, admission type, receiving cervical spine fusion, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, any malignancy, hospital bed size, and location / teaching status
  5. c Adjusted for significant variables (p < 0.05) in the univariate analysis (except for CCI and stratified variables), including age (continuous), race, insurance status / primary payer, admission type, receiving cervical spine fusion, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, rheumatic disease, any malignancy, and location / teaching status
  6. d Adjusted for variables that were significant (p < 0.05) in the univariate analysis (except for CCI and stratified variables), including age (continuous), income, insurance status / primary payer, admission type, hypertension, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, rheumatic disease, any malignancy, and location / teaching status
  7. e Excluding patients who died in the hospital
  8. f LOS > 75th percentile: 2 days
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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X