Fig. 2

Line graph with whiskers illustrating changes in postoperative outcomes between the two HGS groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 indicate statistically significant differences compared to baseline. ^†p < 0.05, ^††p < 0.01, and ^†††p < 0.001 denote statistically significant differences between normal and low HGS groups