Fig. 2
From: Ejiao as a preventive agent for osteoporosis - a scoping review of current evidence
Mechanism of action of Ejio on bone. The red arrows indicate processes under oestrogen deficiency while the black arrows indicate processes under normal condition. Abbreviations: ↑, increase or upregulate; ↓, decrease or downregulate; ~, no significant change; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CAT, catalase; CTX-1, type I collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide; Dkk1, Dickkopf-1; MDA, malondialdehyde; OCN, osteocalcin; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SOST, sclerostin; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta (Drawn using Canva)