Fig. 3
From: Ejiao as a preventive agent for osteoporosis - a scoping review of current evidence
Mechanism of action of Ejiao Qianggu Oral Liquid on bone. The red arrows indicate effects of Ejiao Qianggu Oral Liquid. Abbreviations: ↑, increase or upregulate; ↓, decrease or downregulate; 1,25(OH)D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3; FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor 2; OCN, osteocalcin; OPG, osteoprotegerin; RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand; VDR, vitamin D receptor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor (Drawn using Canva)