Fig. 4
From: Ejiao as a preventive agent for osteoporosis - a scoping review of current evidence
Mechanism of action of Ejiao formulations on bone. Abbreviations: ↑, increase or upregulate; ↓, decrease or downregulate; ┬, inhibit or suppress; β-CTX, beta C-terminal telopeptide; 1,25(OH)D3, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AOD, Anti-Osteoporosis Decoction; BMP-2, Bone morphogenetic protein 2; CCA, Calcium Ejiao liquid oral formulation; EAOL, Ejiao and Astragalus oral solution; EJBGF, Ejiao Bushen Jiangu Formula; EHOL, Ejiao Huangqi Oral Liquid; EMOL, Ejiao Muli Oral Liquid; RUNX-2, Runt-related transcription factor 2; OPN, osteopontin; OCN, osteocalcin; PICP, procollagen 1 carboxyterminal propeptide; PINP, procollagen type I N-propeptide; PTH, parathyroid hormone (Drawn using Canva)