Table 1 Evidence on the skeletal effects of Ejiao
From: Ejiao as a preventive agent for osteoporosis - a scoping review of current evidence
Researchers | Study Design | Findings |
|---|---|---|
Chang et al. (2009) [35] | Model: Osteoblasts from one-day-old Wistar rat calvaria Treatment: Serum from Wistar rats fed with Ejiao (1, 2, 4 g/kg) to Wistar rats for 3 days | Osteoblast proliferation: NS Intracellular ALP level: ↑ vs. blank control |
Gao et al. (2004) [36] | Animals: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (13–14 weeks old) Disease model: Bone defect with three 0.8 mm holes on left tibia Treatment: Ejiao oral solution (0.45 g/2 mL, p.o., twice daily) for 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days Negative control: Distilled water Positive control: NA | Osteoblast proliferation: NS vs. negative control Intracellular ALP level: ↑ vs. negative control Procollagen mRNA expression (types I, II, III): ↑ vs. negative control TGF-β1 mRNA expression: ↑ vs. negative control BMP-2 mRNA expression: NS vs. negative control VEGF mRNA expression: NS vs. negative control |
Chin et al. (2023) [38] | Animals: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) Disease model: OVX-induced osteoporosis Treatment: Ejiao (0.26, 0.53 and 1.06Â g/kg, p.o., 8 weeks) Negative control: distilled water Positive control: 1% calcium carbonate (oral) | Osteocyte number: NS vs. negative control Skeletal mineral/matrix ratio: NS vs. negative control Skeletal DKK1 and sclerostin level: NS vs. negative control |
Ekeuku et al. (2023) [18] | Animals: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) Disease model: OVX-induced osteoporosis Treatment: Ejiao (0.26, 0.53 and 1.06 g/kg, p.o., 8 weeks) Negative control: distilled water Positive control: 1% calcium carbonate (oral) | Bone mineral density and content, NS vs. negative control Bone histomorphometry Bone structural indices, NS vs. negative control Bone dynamic indices, ↓ mineralising surface/bone surface ratio vs. negative control Bone cellular indices, NS vs. negative control Bone mechanical strength, NS vs. negative control Bone remodelling markers, ↓circulating osteocalcin and CTX-1 with high-dose Ejiao |
Ekeuku et al. (2023) [40] | Animals: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) Disease model: OVX-induced osteoporosis Treatment: Ejiao (0.26, 0.53 and 1.06 g/kg, p.o., 8 weeks) Negative control: distilled water Positive control: 1% calcium carbonate (oral) | Total body mass: ↑ in all groups except control and calcium Fat mass and fat percentage: ↑ in the OVX groups, regardless of treatments Lean mass: ↑ in the OVX groups, regardless of treatments Bone marrow adiposity: ↓ in low and medium-dose Ejiao and calcium groups vs. negative control PPAR-γ levels: ↓ in Ejiao and calcium groups vs. negative control Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase: ↑ vs. negative control Glutathione: ↓ vs. negative control Malondialdehyde: NS vs. negative control |