From: Simulation and analysis of non-navigational errors in robot-assisted pedicle Kirschner wire placement surgery
Mean value (mm)
Standard deviation (mm)
1 cm Horizontal Plane
0.13
0.07
5 cm Horizontal Plane
0.29
0.12
1 cm Inclined Plane
0.19
0.09
5 cm Inclined Plane
0.34