Fig. 1
From: Ankle alignment before and after total knee arthroplasty in patients with valgus knee deformity
Measurement of lower limb angles and length
Note: vector A-the mechanical axis of the femur; vector B-the mechanical axis of the tibia; segment C-the mechanical axis of the lower limb; vector F-the horizontal line to the ground; vector D-the subchondral plate of the femoral condyle; vector E-the tangent to the tibial plateau;
(1) HKA: The outward angle between vector A and vector B; (2) WBLR: The intersection of the lower limb mechanical axis (C) and the tibial plateau tangent (E) is defined as point L. The ratio of the distance between the most medial point (K) of the tibial plateau and point L to the mediolateral distance (KM) of the tibial plateau is then determined; (3) KJLCA: The angle between vector D and vector E; (4) KJLO: The angle between vector E and vector F;
Note: vector G-the anatomical axis of the tibia; vector H-the subchondral plate of the distal tibial articular surface; vector I-the talar dome articular surface; vector J-the vertical line to the ground;
(5) TAS: The angle between vector G and vector I; (6) TPI: The angle between vector H and vector J; (7) TI: The angle between vector I and vector G; (8) TT: The angle between vector H and vector I.