Table 1 Table of patients and study characteristics

Catagni et al. (2005)[9]

Prospective case series

Mean 6.25 (1–16)

54

25.8

32 M 22 F

Cosmetic leg lengthening

Park Hui Wan et al. (2008)[10]

Retrospective cohort study

Ilizarov method: Mean 4 (range 2.4–5.2)

LON: Mean 3.3 (range 2.4–4.9)

44

Ilizarov method: 16

LON: 28

22.7

24 M 20 F

Constitutional short stature

Emara et al. (2011)[11]

Retrospective case series

Mean 3.23 (range 2–7.75)

32

25.8

26 M 6 F

Cosmetic leg lengthening

Elbatrawy et al. (2014)[12]

Prospective cohort study

Mean 7.6 (range 5–12)

52

26

36 M 16 F

Cosmetic leg lengthening

Novikov et al. (2014)[13]

Retrospective case series

Mean 6 (range 1–14)

131

25

65 M 66 F

Cosmetic leg lengthening

Motallebi Zadeh et al. (2014)[14]

Retrospective case series

Mean 1.16 (range 41days − 6.25 years)

143

26.6

85 F 58 F

Cosmetic leg lengthening

Kocaoglu et al. (2015)[15]

Retrospective case series

Mean 6.08 (range 1–13.6)

32

30

24 M 8 F

Cosmetic leg lengthening

Guerreschi et al. (2016)[16]

Retrospective case series

Mean 6.14 (range 1–10)

63

24.8

36 M 27 F

Constitutional short stature

Park Hoon et al. (2016)[17]

Retrospective case series

Mean 3.5 (range 2.17–5.9)

60

25

36 M 24 F

Constitutional short stature

Park Kun-Bo et al. (2018)[18]

Retrospective case series

> 2

125

24,4

N/A

Cosmetic leg lengthening

Havitcioglu et al. (2020)[19]

Retrospective case series

Mean 1.83

9

28.3

6 M 3 F

Constitutional short stature

Assayag et al. (2020)[20]

Retrospective case series

Mean 3.0 (range 1,24–7.96)

15

32.5

13 M 2 F

Constitutional short stature