Sarcopenia and its associated factors among hip fracture patients admitted to a North African (Egyptian) Level one trauma center, a cross-sectional study

Mahran, Dalia G; Khalifa, Ahmed A.; Abdelhafeez, Abdelhafeez Hamdi; Farouk, Osama

doi:10.1186/s13018-025-05841-w

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Table 2 Differences in Socio-demographic data, body composition, SARC-F score, and muscle performance between patients with sarcopenia and those without

From: Sarcopenia and its associated factors among hip fracture patients admitted to a North African (Egyptian) Level one trauma center, a cross-sectional study

Variable			No Sarcopenia (n = 112)	Sarcopenia (n = 23)	P-value	Effect size**	Post-Hoc Power analysis**
Baseline data
Age (years)^†			69 (50–80)	67 (57–80)	0.907^§	NA	NA
Sex^‡		Female	55 (49.1)	10 (43.5)	0.623^¶	NA	NA
Sex^‡		Male	57 (50.9)	13 (56.5)	0.623^¶	NA	NA
BMI (kg/m²)^†			25.9 (17.7—37.6) 95% CI: 23.18 to 28.62	21.9 (13.6—33.0) 95% CI: 16.04 to 27.76	< 0.001^§	0.3*	85%
Nutritional status^†	Total water		29.3 (25–56) 95% CI: 25.05 to 33.55	27.1 (22.1—38.2) 95% CI: 22.22 to 31.98	< 0.001^§	0.2*	65%
	Protein		8.4 (6.5—16.6) 95% CI: 7.01 to 9.79	6.8 (5.7—8.9) 95% CI: 5.84 to 7.76	< 0.001^§	0.4*	95%
	Minerals		2.9 (2.2—4.5) 95% CI: 2.59 to 3.21	2.5 (1.9—3.5) 95% CI: 2.01 to 2.99	< 0.001^§	0.3*	85%
body composition and muscle performance
SMM^†			23 (14.2—46.1) 95% CI: 18.2 to 27.8	14.8 (13.3—19.8) 95% CI: 12.7 to 16.9	< 0.001^§	0.6*	99%
Fat mass^†			24.3 (2.4—48) 95% CI: 17.5 to 31.1	18.8 (1.1—28.3) 95% CI: 9.9 to 27.8	0.003^§	0.5*	98%
BMR^†			1276 (1056–2039) 95% CI: 1129.2 to 1422.8	1134 (1025–1397) 95% CI: 1011.6 to 1256.4	< 0.001^§	0.6*	99%
Handgrip strength (kg)^†			20 (10–50) 95% CI: 14.03 to 25.97	16 (10–30) 95% CI: 9.4 to 22.6	0.034^§	0.3*	85%
SARC-F score^‡
Strength	Not at all		93 (83%)	15 (65.2%)	0.019^¶	NR	NR
	Some difficulty		16 (14.3%)	4 (17.4%)
	Very difficult		3 (2.7%)	4 (17.4%)
Assistance walking	Not at all		99 (88.4%)	16 (69.6%)	0.016^¶
	Some difficulty		10 (8.9%)	3 (13%)
	Very difficult		3 (2.7%)	4 (17.4%)
Rising from a chair	Not at all		98 (87.5%)	17 (73.9%)	0.020^¶
	Some difficulty		13 (11.6%)	3 (13%)
	Very difficult		1 (0.9%)	3 (13%)
Climbing stairs	Not at all		90 (80.4%)	15 (65.2%)	0.013^¶
	Some difficulty		13 (11.6%)	1 (4.3%)
	Very difficult		9 (8.0%)	7 (30.4%)
Falls	None		67 (59.8%)	11 (47.8%)	0.204^¶
	1–3 times		25 (22.3%)	4 (17.4%)
	> 3 times		20 (17.9%)	8 (34.8%)
Sum SARC-F	Normal (0—3 points)		99 (88.4%)	16 (69.6%)	0.046^¶	OR: 3.33^# RD: 0.188^#	65%
Sum SARC-F	Abnormal (≥ 4 points)		13 (11.6%)	7 (30.4%)	0.046^¶	OR: 3.33^# RD: 0.188^#	65%

^†Median (IQR range). ‡ Number (percentage)
^§ Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to compare categorical data. For effect size analysis: *Cliff's Delta (< 0.1: Negligible effect. 0.1 to < 0.3: 0.3 to < 0.5: Medium effect. ≥ 0.5: Large effect), # odds ratio (OR), and risk difference (RD). (** was carried out for variables with significant differences). The P-value is significant if ≤ 0.05 (indicated by bold numbers)
SMM skeletal muscle mass, BMR basal metabolic rate, BMI body mass index, NA not applicable, NR not required

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