- Mean ± SD for continuous variables: normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test with the following results: age (P = 0.495), BMI (P = 0.418), and duration of surgery (P = 0.078) conformed to a normal distribution using the t-test, and blood loss (P = 0.004) did not conform to a normal distribution using the Mann-Whitney U test. (%) for categorical variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted chi-square test
- “*”indicates a statistically significant difference in results