Table 1 Study characteristics
Author | country | Study groups (I1/I2/C) | Sample size (I1/I2/C) | age (I1/I2/C) | BMI I1/I2/C | female (I1/I2/C) | Supp (dose/form) | Exercise session/time | arthroplasty | Follow-up | Outcomes measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alipour 2022 [22] | Iran | 17 AA/Saline | 18/18 | 56±19.6/60±17.3 | NR | NR | 500cc/IV | NR | THA | 1 d | core temperature/MAP/HR |
Askanazi 1980 [23] | USA | AA/AA+GLU/GLU | 7/8/7 | 56±9/57±9/ 54±14 | NR | 2/4/3 | 70 g/PO | NR | THA | 5 d | plasma, muscle AA |
Baldassarro 2016 [24] | Italy | EAA/Maltodextrin | 30/30 | 67.9±7.3/ 65.6±9.5 | 29.8±4.2/ 27.5±3.9 | 16/20 | 8 g/PO | 24/45’ | THA | 14 d | plasma AA/HB/Transferrin/HHS/ Inflammation rate |
Blomqvist 1995 [25] | Sweden | Glutamine/α-Ketoglutarate/c | 10/10/13 | 68±1/66±2/68±2 | 25.5±1.0/ 24.9±1.3/ 25.3±1.0 | 3/7/6 | 0.28 mg. kg/IV | NR | THA | 1 d | plasma, muscle AA/ribosome parameters/ blood hormone |
Church 2021 [26] | USA | travasol10%/standard care | 9/13 | 52.2±2.8/ 55.5±3.2 | 28.2±1.8/ 29.5±1.2 | 2/6 | 135 mg.kg.h/IV | NR | THA | 1 d | FSR/FBR/Muscle net balance |
De sire 2020 [27] | Italy | AA/C | 10/10 | 80.33±6.72/ 77.65±8.40 | NR | 9/8 | 8 g/PO | 10/40’ | THA | 60 d | serum myostatin |
Dreyer 2013 [21] | USA | EAA/Alanine | 16/12 | 68 ± 5/70 ± 5 | 34 ± 7/29 ± 3 | 11/8 | 40 g/PO | NR | TKA | 42 d | quadriceps/hamstring area |
Dreyer 2018 [35] | USA | EAA/Alanine | 19/20 | 64.41 ± 0.94 | 29.78 ± 1.20 | NR | 40 g/PO | 98/NR | TKA | 42 d | quadriceps/hamstring area |
Evans 2003 [36] | UK | Albumin/Gelofusine/Haemaccel/Saline | 13/14/14/14 | 69.2/73.9/73.8/ 69.1 | NR | 10/7/10/3 | 2L/IV | NR | THA | NR | Blood aggregation/agglutination /serum albumin/BT/APTT |
Ikeda 2019 [28] | Japan | BCAA/starch | 18/13 | 75.2±4.9/ 75.6±6.6 | 21.9±4.0/ 25.5±3.7 | 18/13 | 3.4 g/PO | 28/60’ | THA | 30 d | knee extension strength/AMA/HGS/hip abduction strength |
Ikeda 2022 [32] | Japan | Normal strength/Muscle weakness | 71/91 | 64.4±8.6/ 67.1±9.7 | 23.2±3.2/ 24.9±4.5 | 59/78 | NA | NR | THA | 365 d | hip abductor muscle strength/ knee extension muscle strength/the 10-m timed gait test/HHS/Energy expenditure |
Invernizzi 2020 [33] | Japan | EAA/C | 16/16 | 80.33± 6.72 77.65±8.40 | 23.05±4.77/ 23.15±5.33 | 13/14 | 8 g/PO | 10/40’ | THA | 14 d | HGS/TUG/ILOA |
Khalid 2024 [38] | UK | Protein/C | 33/31 | 75±5/75±5.5 | NR | 25/21 | 20 g/PO | 84/NR | THA/TKA | 84 d | WOMAC/EQ-5D/ICECAP-O/Physical activity level/protein screener55+/ |
Li 2024 [39] | China | Whey protein/Maltodextrin | 36/36 | 66.53 ± 4.14/67.50 ± 3.87 | 24.98 ± 3.44/25.39 ± 2.48 | 24/27 | 30 g/PO | 60/NR | TKA | 84 d | Knee extension muscle strength/VAS/ ROM/AKS/leg circumference/ |
Muyskens 2019 [39] | USA | EAA/alanine | 19/22 | 64.95±1.35/ 63.82±1.29 | 29.71±1.00/ 30.66±2.13 | 20/17 | 40 g/PO | NR | TKA | 42 d | energy expenditure/muscle histology/gene expression/muscle stem cell |
Ninomiya 2023 [31] | Japan | Whey protein/C | 29/29 | 70.28 ± 3.26/ 70.86 ± 3.69 | 22.22 ± 2.74/ 23.09 ± 2.02 | 29/29 | 11 g/PO | 168/NR | THA | 84 d | hip abductor muscle strength/knee extensor muscle strength/HGS/quadriceps MT/IMAT/TUG-t/HHS/hip pain/JHEQ point/Alb/Hb/CRP |
Nishizaki 2015 [30] | Japan | HMG+L-arginine+ L-glutamine/orange juice | 13/10 | 71.1/69.8 | NR | NR | 40.8 g/PO | 15/NR | TKA | 42 d | energy expenditure/knee extension strength/ length of hospital stay/rectus femoris cross-sectional area/body weight |
Ueyama 2023 [37] | Japan | EAA/lactose powder | 30/30 | 75.9/75.8 | NR | 23/27 | 9 g/PO | NR/120’ | TKA | 28 d | serum alb/RFA/knee pain/quadriceps muscle diameter |
Widman 2002 [34] | Sweden | AA/acetated Ringer | 22/24 | 67±7/67±6 | 25.64/ 26.09 | 11/12 | 2.268 g.h/IV | NR | Primary HA | NR | Body temperature/Blood loss |