Targeted anterior expansion of the cervical facet joints achieves indirect foraminal decompression and reduces spondylolisthesis via a posterior approach: a cadaveric study

Table 3 Segmental changes in the ISD and IVDH (both at the posterior and anterior ends of the intervertebral disc space) following CeLFI insertion based on CT imaging

Cadaver number and instrumented index level	ISD (mm)		Change (mm)	Posterior IVDH (mm)		Change (mm)	Anterior IVDH (mm)		Change (mm)
Cadaver number and instrumented index level	Before	After		Before	After		Before	After
2nd (C3–4)	0.39	0.69	+ 0.3	2.39	3.45	+ 1.06	5.96	6.94	+ 0.98
3rd (C3–4)	1.89	5.35	+ 3.46	2.52	3.81	+ 1.29	3.86	5.6	+ 1.74
4th (C4–5)	2.02	7.63	+ 5.61	1.89	3.8	+ 1.91	4.86	4.1	- 0.76
7th (C3–4)	3.75	7.07	+ 3.32	**	**	**	**	**	**
8th (C3–4)	6.45	7.36	+ 0.91	**	**	**	**	**	**
9th (C3–4)	4.19	4.31	+ 0.12	3.09	3.68	+ 0.59	5.47	5.59	+ 0.12
10th (C3–4)	0.9	4.3	+ 3.4	4.9	5.3	+ 0.4	4.2	5.3	+ 1.1
11th (C3–4)	1.1	6.19	+ 5.09	1.4	3	+ 1.6	2.1	1.6	- 0.4
12th (C3–4)	1.2	4.5	+ 3.3	1.5	2.8	+ 1.3	3.4	4.0	+ 0.6
Mean (SD)	2.43 (± 1.98)	5.27 (± 2.16)	2.83 (± 1.98)	2.53 (± 1.2)	3.69 (± 0.81)	1.16 (± 0.53)	4.26 (± 1.31)	4.73 (± 1.7)	0.48 (± 0.88)

CeLFI Cervical expandable facet implant, CT Computed tomography, ISD Interspinous distance, IVDH Intervertebral disc height
^**IVDH could not be measured due to image artifact

ISSN: 1749-799X