Table 1 The demographic and clinical characteristics (N = 2387)
From: Elevated albumin: a protective factor against mortality in geriatric hip fracture patients
Admission Albumin (g/L) | Low group (< 35 g/L) | Medium group (≥ 35 g/L, < 40 g/L) | High group (≥ 40 g/L) | P-value | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 521 | 1179 | 687 | Â | Â |
Age (years) | 81.63 ± 6.87 | 79.89 ± 6.51 | 77.29 ± 6.61 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.068 | - |
 Male | 181 (34.74%) | 399 (33.84%) | 201 (29.26%) |  |  |
 Female | 340 (65.26%) | 780 (66.16%) | 486 (70.74%) |  |  |
Occupation | Â | Â | Â | 0.703 | - |
 Retirement | 293 (56.24%) | 692 (58.69%) | 401 (58.37%) |  |  |
 Farmer | 127 (24.38%) | 287 (24.34%) | 158 (23.00%) |  |  |
 Other | 101 (19.39%) | 200 (16.96%) | 128 (18.63%) |  |  |
History of allergy | Â | Â | Â | 0.309 | - |
 No | 495 (95.01%) | 1138 (96.52%) | 657 (95.63%) |  |  |
 Yes | 26 (4.99%) | 41 (3.48%) | 30 (4.37%) |  |  |
Injury mechanism | Â | Â | Â | 0.729 | - |
 Falling | 501 (96.16%) | 1144 (97.03%) | 662 (96.36%) |  |  |
 Accident | 14 (2.69%) | 28 (2.37%) | 20 (2.91%) |  |  |
 Other | 6 (1.15%) | 7 (0.59%) | 5 (0.73%) |  |  |
Fracture classification |  |  |  | < 0.001 | - |
 Intertrochanteric fracture | 414 (79.46%) | 877 (74.39%) | 414 (60.26%) |  |  |
 Femoral neck fracture | 89 (17.08%) | 272 (23.07%) | 261 (37.99%) |  |  |
 Subtrochanteric fracture | 18 (3.45%) | 30 (2.54%) | 12 (1.75%) |  |  |
aCCI |  |  |  | < 0.001 | - |
 2 | 6 (1.15%) | 38 (3.22%) | 60 (8.73%) |  |  |
 3 | 65 (12.48%) | 225 (19.08%) | 174 (25.33%) |  |  |
 4 | 218 (41.84%) | 495 (41.98%) | 254 (36.97%) |  |  |
 5 | 151 (28.98%) | 293 (24.85%) | 139 (20.23%) |  |  |
 6 | 65 (12.48%) | 98 (8.31%) | 44 (6.40%) |  |  |
 7 | 14 (2.69%) | 25 (2.12%) | 14 (2.04%) |  |  |
 8 | 2 (0.38%) | 4 (0.34%) | 2 (0.29%) |  |  |
 9 | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.08%) | 0 (0.00%) |  |  |
Hypertension | Â | Â | Â | 0.052 | - |
 No | 285 (54.70%) | 608 (51.57%) | 328 (47.74%) |  |  |
 Yes | 236 (45.30%) | 571 (48.43%) | 359 (52.26%) |  |  |
Diabetes Mellitus | Â | Â | Â | 0.018 | - |
 No | 429 (82.34%) | 955 (81.00%) | 525 (76.42%) |  |  |
 Yes | 92 (17.66%) | 224 (19.00%) | 162 (23.58%) |  |  |
CHD | Â | Â | Â | 0.282 | - |
 No | 231 (44.34%) | 572 (48.52%) | 324 (47.16%) |  |  |
 Yes | 290 (55.66%) | 607 (51.48%) | 363 (52.84%) |  |  |
Arrhythmia | Â | Â | Â | 0.004 | - |
 No | 318 (61.04%) | 813 (68.96%) | 468 (68.12%) |  |  |
 Yes | 203 (38.96%) | 366 (31.04%) | 219 (31.88%) |  |  |
Hemorrhagic stroke | Â | Â | Â | 0.95 | - |
 No | 509 (97.70%) | 1154 (97.88%) | 673 (97.96%) |  |  |
 Yes | 12 (2.30%) | 25 (2.12%) | 14 (2.04%) |  |  |
Ischemic stroke | Â | Â | Â | 0.438 | - |
 No | 361 (69.29%) | 835 (70.82%) | 499 (72.63%) |  |  |
 Yes | 160 (30.71%) | 344 (29.18%) | 188 (27.37%) |  |  |
Cancer | Â | Â | Â | 0.015 | - |
 No | 496 (95.20%) | 1147 (97.29%) | 673 (97.96%) |  |  |
 Yes | 25 (4.80%) | 32 (2.71%) | 14 (2.04%) |  |  |
Associated injuries | Â | Â | Â | 0.007 | - |
 No | 468 (89.83%) | 1107 (93.89%) | 644 (93.74%) |  |  |
 Yes | 53 (10.17%) | 72 (6.11%) | 43 (6.26%) |  |  |
Dementia |  |  |  | < 0.001 | - |
 No | 482 (92.51%) | 1136 (96.35%) | 671 (97.67%) |  |  |
 Yes | 39 (7.49%) | 43 (3.65%) | 16 (2.33%) |  |  |
COPD |  |  |  | < 0.001 | - |
 No | 480 (92.13%) | 1088 (92.28%) | 667 (97.09%) |  |  |
 Yes | 41 (7.87%) | 91 (7.72%) | 20 (2.91%) |  |  |
Hepatitis | Â | Â | Â | 0.025 | - |
 No | 495 (95.01%) | 1150 (97.54%) | 665 (96.80%) |  |  |
 Yes | 26 (4.99%) | 29 (2.46%) | 22 (3.20%) |  |  |
Gastritis | Â | Â | Â | 0.834 | - |
 No | 512 (98.27%) | 1161 (98.47%) | 674 (98.11%) |  |  |
 Yes | 9 (1.73%) | 18 (1.53%) | 13 (1.89%) |  |  |
Treatment strategy |  |  |  | < 0.001 | - |
 Conservation | 76 (14.59%) | 85 (7.21%) | 34 (4.95%) |  |  |
 ORIF | 354 (67.95%) | 832 (70.57%) | 401 (58.37%) |  |  |
 HA | 89 (17.08%) | 254 (21.54%) | 228 (33.19%) |  |  |
 THA | 2 (0.38%) | 8 (0.68%) | 24 (3.49%) |  |  |
Albumin (g/L) | 32.12 ± 2.36 | 37.53 ± 1.40 | 42.31 ± 1.98 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Time to admission (hours) | 135.35 ± 274.20 | 77.37 ± 280.78 | 41.58 ± 181.27 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Time to operation (days) | 4.67 ± 2.91 | 4.25 ± 2.53 | 4.11 ± 2.25 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Operation time (mins) | 98.48 ± 43.34 | 92.83 ± 36.22 | 95.02 ± 34.22 | 0.025 | 0.053 |
Blood loss (mL) | 257.62 ± 171.59 | 248.40 ± 158.33 | 230.66 ± 147.45 | 0.015 | 0.254 |
Infusion (mL) | 1558.55 ± 417.30 | 1552.06 ± 387.20 | 1598.42 ± 368.85 | 0.053 | 0.003 |
Transfusion (U) | 1.56 ± 1.30 | 1.18 ± 1.26 | 0.79 ± 1.16 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Follow-up (months) | 33.75 ± 20.39 | 38.72 ± 18.51 | 38.74 ± 16.64 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
In-hospital mortality | 11 (2.11%) | 21 (1.78%) | 15 (2.18%) | 0.805 | - |
Mortality |  |  |  | < 0.001 | - |
 Survival | 261 (50.10%) | 804 (68.19%) | 535 (77.87%) |  |  |
 Dead | 260 (49.90%) | 375 (31.81%) | 152 (22.13%) |  |  |