Table 1 Study characteristics
Study | Groups | Subjects | Legs | Male/Female | Age, years | Bilateral DDH | DDH system | DDH-type | Occasional AKP, % | MINORS (R1/R2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kandemir 2002 [3] | DDH | 34 | 44 | 2/32 | 44.2 (17–68) | 10 | Crowe system | 16 type III-IV, 12 type I-II, 6 hypoplasia | 7/34, 21% | 21/21 |
|  | Control | 10 | 20 | 1/9 | 38.9 (18–58) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Akşahin 2012 [10] | DDH | 39 | 53 | 6/33 | 33.3 ± 7.9 | 14 | Crowe system | 8 type I, 10type II, 12 type III, 23 type IV | 39/39, 100% | 22/22 |
|  | Control | 24 | 48 | 4/20 | 31.5 ± 8.5 |  |  |  |  | NA |
Li 2013 [17] | DDH | 75 | 114 | NA | 56 (23–78) | 39 | Hartofilakidis | 64 type I, 2 type II, 8 type III | NA | 22/21 |
|  | Control | 36 | 36 | NA | 56 (23–78) | NA | NA | NA |  | NA |
Li 2014 [16] | DDH | 37 | 74 | 2/35 | 32.6 ± 8.1 | 14 | Crowe system | 5 type I, type II, type III, 4 type IV | 7/37, 16.2% | 22/22 |
|  | Control | 37 | 74 | 2/35 | 32.3 ± 7.7 | NA | NA | NA |  | NA |
Imai 2018 [7] | DDH | 29 | 29 | 0/29 | 35.8 8.8 | NA | Crowe system | Type I subluxation | NA | 21/21 |
| Â | Control | 48 | 48 | 0/48 | 54 10.8 | Â | Â | Â | Â | NA |
Hu 2019 [8] | DDH | 116 | 196 | 19/97 | 21.6 ± 6.7 | NA | LCE + FAA | 116 (LCE < 20°+FAA < 40°), 80 (LCE < 20°+FAA > 40°) | NA | 22/23 |
|  | Control | 22 | 34 | 4/18 | 23.2 ± 6.8 | NA | LCE + FAA | LCE > 20° and FAA < 40° |  | NA |
Imai 2019 [6] | DDH | 73 | 146 | 0/73 | 35.6 ± 9 | 73 | Crowe system | Type II-IV subluxation | NA | 21/22 |
|  | Control | 45 | 90 | 0/45 | 49 ± 18.9 | NA | NA | NA |  | NA |
Peng 2022 [18] | DDH | 70 | 86 | 18/52 | 27.1 ± 9.9 | 16 | Hartofilakidis | Type I subluxation | 6/70, 8.6% | 21/22 |
|  | Control | 33 | 33 | 15/18 | 35 ± 9.4 | NA | NA | NA |  | NA |
Fithian 2023 [19] | DDH | 48 | 48 | 5/43 | 31.9 ± 8.4 | NA | Hartofilakidis | Type I subluxation | 8/48, 17% | 21/21 |
|  | Control | 48 | 48 | 5/43 | 30.6 ± 11.6 | NA | NA | NA |  | NA |