Fig. 4

Regulatory mechanism of the PPARγ/Wnt axis in osteoporosis. (Maintaining a delicate balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation necessitates intricate communication among extracellular stimuli and a well-coordinated network of receptors and transcription factors within the nucleus. This network involves key pathways such as RANKL/RANK, Wnt/β-catenin, and PPARγ. Disruption in lipid metabolism can result in elevated levels of oxidized lipids, which, in turn, trigger adipocyte differentiation and hinder osteoblast differentiation through the activation of PPARγ.)