Table 3 Assessment of quality of studies
Study(years) | Selection bias | Performance bias | Detection bias | Attrition bias | Reporting bias | other | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence generation | Baseline characteristics | Allocation concealment | Random housing | Blinding | Random outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective outcome reporting | Other sources of bias | |
Chen et al. (2021) | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |
Choi et al. (2023) | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |
Zhang et al. (2024) | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |
Wu et al. (2025) | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |
Zhang et al. (2019) | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |
Zhang et al. (2018) | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |
Park et al. (2016) | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |
Meng et al. (2024) | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |
Gelse et al. (2017) | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |
Zhu et al. (2020) | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | Unclear risk | low risk | low risk | low risk | Unclear risk |