Table 1 Characteristics of included articles

Kablan et al., Turkey (2025) [11]

N: 27

Age*: 48.9 ± 9.9

N: 27

Age: 48.9 ± 9.9

MLD

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, CSA, HG, MNC, PPT, VAS

6

6 weeks

12

40 min

Leblebicier et al., Turkey (2025) [12]

N: 18

Age: 47.9 ± 7.7

N: 16

Age: 52.7 ± 6.7

MLD

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, MNC, Tinel’s sign, Phalen’s sign, PPT, VAS

4

4 weeks

20

15 min

Chen et al., Taiwan (2024) [13]

N: 18

Age: 47.2 ± 3.17

N: 19

Age: 49.8 ± 8.47

KT

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, MNC, VAS

6

6 weeks

12

2 days

Cihan et al., Turkey (2024) [14]

N: 27

Age: 48.15 ± 7.40

N: 27

Age: 50.30 ± 7.08

MLD

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, CSA, Tinel’s sign, Phalen’s sign

4

4 weeks

20

20 min

Unal et al., Turkey (2024) [15]

N: 13

Age: 52.69 ± 8.61

N: 14

Age: 48.71 ± 10.80

KT

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, CSA, MNC, VAS

3

3 weeks

3

5 days

Movaghar et al.^**, Iran (2023) [16]

N: 15

Age: 27.6 ± 3.08

N: 15

Age: 27.47 ± 3.94

KT

Cupping

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, CSA, VAS

4

4 weeks

7

3 days

Ayhan et al., Turkey (2019) [17]

N: N/A

Age: N/A

N: 41

Age: 56.05 ± 8.16

CDT

Quasi-experimental

CSA, DN4, MNC, Quality of life, Q-DASH, Lymphedema volume

3

3 weeks

15

2 h

Güner et al., Turkey (2018) [18]

N: 13

Age: 44.33 ± 9.21

N: 11

Age: 47.71 ± 4.97

KT

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, HG, MNC, Pinch, VAS

3 & 12

3 weeks

10

2 days

Kaplan et al., Turkey (2018) [19]

N: 32

Age: 42.3 ± 9.8

N: 33

Age: 43.1 ± 9.2

KT

RCT

CSA, VAS

3 & 12

3 weeks

6

3.5 days

Yildirim et al., Turkey (2018) [20]

N: 10

Age: 48.70 ± 7.61

N: 11

Age: 48.81 ± 6.40

KT

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, CSA, DN4, HG, Moberg, Pinch, VAS

3 & 6

6 weeks

3

N/A

Geler et al., Turkey (2015) [21]

N: 20

Age: 48.95 ± 6.0

N: 20

Age: 49.8 ± 11.5

KT

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, DN4, HG, VAS

4

4 weeks

4

5 days

Karpuz et al., Turkey (2015) [22]

N: 26

Age: 49.2 ± 10.4

N: 26

Age: 47 ± 10.4

KT

RCT

BSSS, BFSS, CSA, HG, PSQI, VAS

4

4 weeks

8

N/A